Precision coatings are often applied to tooling used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets to ensure the process is operating efficiently as possible. The tableting tooling used in these processes tends to wear How To Manufacture A Prototype over time, resulting in undesirable effects which reduce performance. Precision coatings are applied to restore tableting tooling to its original levels of performance, increasing production and restoring efficiency.
Ion Beam Enhanced Deposited (IBED) Coatings –
The Ion Beam Enhanced Deposition (IBED) process is a precision coating technology that allows for the deposition of high quality engineered performance hard-coatings on virtually any metal and/or metallic alloy surfaces. Operating at temperatures below 200 degrees Fahrenheit, the IBED precision coating process is highly controllable, resulting in coatings with precise thickness and repeatable Indonesia Gdp By Sector properties. Ion Beam Enhanced Deposition coatings are first formed in the subsurface region of the pharmaceutical tooling part to be coated and then grown out to a typical thickness of up to 5 microns (0.0002 inches). This tight metallurgical bond guarantees excellent coating adhesion and eliminates the possibility of chipping and flaking of the coating during tooling operation.
Chromium Nitride Coatings –
Chromium Nitride coatings work well when applied to pharmaceutical tooling to reduce corrosion, eliminate sticking and picking, and reduce wear rates. In use, Chromium Nitride provides a better performance enhancement than chrome plating for corrosion resistance, the reduction of sticking, and is also better for reducing high wear rates.
Chemical Properties of Chromium Nitride –
Chromium Nitride is a metallic nitride compound having a chemical formula of Cr2N. It is a solid material exhibiting a metallic gray color and having no odor. It is a non-volatile, non-flammable compound that is insoluble in water and organic solvents. Chromium Nitride is only slightly reactive with strong inorganic acids (chromic acid) and strong oxidizing agents (potassium persulfates). It is hard (HKN 2800), highly resistant to abrasive wear and, because of this, does not release wear debris. When deposited as a coating using the IBED process, Chromium Nitride is fully dense and free from microscopic voids. As such, Cr2N will not absorb or trap any powdered or liquid materials that it may come into contact with.
Health Effects of Cr2N –
Chromium nitride is listed as not having any specific known health hazards, is not known to aggravate any known health conditions, and is not specifically listed as a carcinogen.
FDA Regulations for Using Cr2N –
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry and, therefore, also regulates the equipment used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, including solid dose tableting tooling. Chromium Nitride coatings, when applied to the working surfaces of tableting punches and dies using the IBED process, satisfy FDA regulatory guidelines (21 CFR 211.65) because the process produces coatings that are non-reactive, non-absorptive and non-additive.…
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The Universe of Surface Treatments For Precision Industrial Tooling
The range of processes used to treat the surfaces of engineered materials is quite wide and the results vary on a number of different factors, including the process, the coating media and the substrate surface. If the universe of surface treatments were to be categorized according to two criteria – the first being that the metallurgy produced by the process is equivalent and the second being that the equipment used to implement the process is related – then all surface treatments can be classified into one of six categories:
Heat Treatments –
Heat treatments affect the entire volume of the substrate material and extend to the surface region. Heat treatments can be performed either in air or in a vacuum chamber.
Case Hardening Processes –
Case hardening processes produce a hardened case layer INSIDE of the surface of a substrate by thermally-driven diffusions of species, such as C, N, or B. The case hardening process can be implemented in a salt bath at atmospheric pressure, an elevated pressure chamber (gas nitriding, carburizing) or a vacuum chamber (ion nitriding, carburizing).
Chrome Plating, Conversion Coating & Anodizing Processes –
Chrome plating, conversion coating and anodizing processes are used to deposit coatings ON the substrate surface, rather than inside it. They are all chemical processes implemented in an aqueous media contained in a tank at atmospheric pressure. A wide variety of metallic and metallic oxide coatings can be deposited.
Plasma Spraying –
Plasma spraying is used to build thick coatings ON the substrate surface and there is always a distinct interface between the coating and the substrate. Plasma spraying can be done in air at atmospheric pressure or in a low-pressure chamber and is usually used to deposit thick metallic or oxide coatings.
Physical Vapor Deposition Resale Price Maintenance (PVD) Coatings –
Physical vapor deposition is used to deposit thin hardcoatings ON the substrate surface. A limited variety of metallic Types Of Industry nitride, carbide, oxide and diamond-like carbon coatings can be deposited. A vacuum environment is required.
Ion Beam Enhanced Deposition (IBED) Coatings-
Unlike all conventional treatments, IBED is a physical – as opposed to a chemical or thermal – process. The temperature rise during processing can be held below 200 degrees Fahrenheit so no thermally-induced volumetric changes in bulk properties or physical dimensions are produced. IBED processing combines the benefits of thermal diffusion processing and conventional coating technologies because the coating atoms first penetrate INTO the substrate to form a case layer in the surface, and then are grown out from this case layer as a thick coating. Driven in kinetically instead of thermally, IBED coatings are “ballistically bonded” to the substrate, thus forming a metallurgical bond that is much stronger than a mechanical or Van der Waals bond. And because the IBED process is kinetically driven, solid solubility limits can be exceeded which is the mechanism that allows deposition of a variety of types of coatings on virtually any substrate material.…